A privacy film includes a first conductive layer; an emitting angle limiting spacer layer on the first conductive layer; a second conductive layer on a side of the emitting angle limiting spacer layer away from the first conductive layer; and a plurality of light diffuser particles in a space between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The emitting angle limiting spacer layer includes a plurality of spacers defining a plurality of light emitting regions. The second conductive layer is spaced apart from the first conductive layer by a first distance. A maximum height of the plurality of spacers relative to a surface of the first conductive layer facing the second conductive layer is less than the first distance. The second conductive layer is spaced apart from a surface of a respective one of the plurality of spacers facing the second conductive layer by a second distance.