Provide are a reticle transfer device and an exposure system. The reticle transfer device includes a bearing member, a light source, a light detector and a controller. The bearing member is configured to bear the reticle, and the light source is configured to emit irradiation light to the reticle and form reflected light. The light detector is configured to obtain the reflected light and generate a light detection signal. The controller is configured to determine whether particulate matter exists on a surface of the reticle based on the light detection signal. The reticle transfer device can determine whether particulate matter exists on the surface of the reticle in real time based on the light detection signal.