A method of calibrating an image sensor including a color filter array having a first-type array pattern, the method includes capturing a target using the image sensor to generate first image data, performing a white balance operation on the first image data to generate second image data, performing an inverse white balance operation on the second image data based on a second-type array pattern to generate third image data, the second-type array pattern being different from the first-type array pattern, and calibrating the image sensor based on the third image data.