Aspects of the present disclosure include fatty acid β-hydroxyester compounds (e.g., fatty acid esters of β-hydroxybutyrate), fatty acid esters of butanediol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions having one or more fatty acid β-hydroxyester compounds and/or one or more fatty acid esters of butanediol. Methods for treating a subject by administering one or more esters to the subject are also provided. Kits containing one or more of the subject esters are also described.