The present disclosure provides a method for recognizing a small target based on a deep learning network. The method comprises: determining, based on a collected image, spot defect information through a recognition model including a first feature determination layer, a second feature determination layer, and a spot defect determination layer, determining, based on the collected image, a first feature map, determining, based on the first feature map, a second feature map by fusing with positional encoding, determining, based on the second feature map, a third feature map through the second feature determination layer, and obtaining, based on the third feature map, positional information of the spot defect through a first determination layer, and determining, based on the third feature map, classification information of the spot defect through a second determination layer.