The present invention provides a fractal tree structure-based data transmit device and method, a control device, and an intelligent chip. The device comprises: a central node that is as a communication data center of a network-on-chip and used for broadcasting or multicasting communication data to a plurality of leaf nodes; the plurality of leaf nodes that are as communication data nodes of the network-on-chip and for transmitting the communication data to a central leaf node; and forwarder modules for connecting the central node with the plurality of leaf nodes and forwarding the communication data; the central node, the forwarder modules and the plurality of leaf nodes are connected in the fractal tree network structure, and the central node is directly connected to M the forwarder modules and/or leaf nodes, any the forwarder module is directly connected to M the next level forwarder modules and/or leaf nodes.