A backlight drive system, a display device and a backlight drive board, relates to the field of display technology. The backlight drive system is used for the display device, the display device comprises a display screen (20) and a plurality of backlight units, the backlight drive system comprises: a control board (10) and a plurality of backlight drive boards (11) electrically connected to the control board (10), the plurality of backlight drive boards (11) are disposed at the edge of display screen (20), the plurality of backlight drive boards (11) electrically connected to the plurality of backlight units by a backlight drive cable (111); the control board (10) is configured to output enabling control signal and brightness adjustment signal to the plurality of backlight drive board (11), to control the plurality of backlight drive boards (11) to drive the plurality of backlight units, to achieve enabling control and brightness adjustment.