A component shortage detection device detects a component shortage of a tape feeder installed in a component mounting device. The component shortage detection device includes a sensor, configured to detect the tape, and provided at a position that is a midpoint of a tape transportation path of the tape feeder and upstream of a component extraction position by a component mounting head in a tape transportation direction. The component shortage detection device further includes a residual quantity calculation unit configured to calculate a component residual quantity of the tape during a mounting operation; and a determination unit configured to determine whether a component shortage occurs on a basis of output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity when the head fails in extraction of the component.