This invention discloses a probe structure and a thermometer, simply-structured but easy to use for users in a dark environment. The technique solution adopted in this invention is a probe structure, including a probe main body, a temperature sensor module and an optical assembly. The probe main body includes a detection end and a configuration end. The detection end is configured for touching or approaching an object. The configuration end is configured for connecting to an external thermometer body. The probe main body has a chamber for storing the temperature sensor module. The optical assembly is positioned at the configuration end. The optical assembly includes at least one lamp, a lamp panel and a light transmitting component. The at-least-one lamp is positioned at the lamp panel and the light transmitting component is disposed at the periphery of the lamp panel. Light emitted by the lamp passes through the light transmitting component.