Display methods and apparatus are described. In some embodiments, to generate an image, light is selectively emitted from one or more light-emitting elements (such as a μLEDs) in a light-emitting layer. The emitted light from each element is collimated using, for example, an array of microlenses having small apertures. Each beam of collimated light is split by a first diffractive grating into a first generation of child beams, and the first generation of child beams is split by a second diffractive grating into a second generation of child beams. Beams in the second generation of child beams that are not parallel to the original beam of collimated light may be blocked by a spatial light modulator (e.g. an LCD panel). The un-blocked beams operate in some respects as if they had been generated using optics with an aperture larger than the apertures of the microlenses.