A first data processing device can include circuitry configured to receive an electronic request message; generate first electronic information using the electronic request message; receive, from each of one or more second data processing devices, respective first characteristic data of respective second electronic information generated by that second data processing device; generate, for each of the one or more second data processing devices, respective second characteristic data of the first electronic information; compare, for each of the one or more second data processing devices, the first characteristic data with the second characteristic data; and when one or more matches between the first characteristic data and second characteristic data for the one or more second data processing devices meet a predetermined condition, perform a predetermined process using the first electronic information in response to the electronic request message.