A method for determining an effective case depth of a metal component includes forming a conditioned core surface by blasting or shot peening an exposed surface of the metal component with blast media. The exposed surface is a contiguous exposed surface of the case and core. The method includes measuring surface texture, compressive stresses, or another suitable characteristic of the conditioned core surface using a surface metrology sensor, and identifying a case-core boundary using the measured characteristic, including identifying a location at which a predetermined difference or gradient in the characteristic is present within the exposed surface. The method also includes measuring the effective case depth as a perpendicular distance between a reference surface of the case and the case-core boundary.