Disclosed are a Filipendula glaberrima alcoholic extract and solvent fractions fractionated therefrom or novel compounds 1 and 2 purely isolated from a Filipendula glaberrima ethyl acetate fraction that have an excellent inhibitory effect against HMG-CoA reductase activity, an excellent antioxidant effect and a remarkably excellent effect of suppressing the formation of foam cells in macrophages. Also, disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition or health food composition for treating, preventing and ameliorating vascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, or heart diseases caused by hypercholesterolemia, or lowering blood cholesterol levels, containing, as active ingredients, the Filipendula glaberrima alcoholic extract and the solvent fractions or the novel compounds 1 and 2.