The present disclosure discloses a rail transport system. The rail transport system includes: a rail, the rail includes a steering portion and a travelling portion, the travelling portion is connected to the steering portion, and a first recess is constructed on the travelling portion to form an escape passage; and a rail vehicle, where the rail vehicle includes bogies and a vehicle body, the bogie movably straddles the rail, the bogie fits in with an inner bottom surface of the escape passage of the travelling portion and the steering portion, and the bogie travels by using the travelling portion and is steered by using the steering portion, and the vehicle body is connected to the bogie and pulled by the bogie to travel along the rail. The rail transport system according to this embodiment of the present disclosure has advantages such as facilitation of evacuation of passengers in an emergency, low costs, small occupied space, small rail weight bearing, and high stability.