The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biology, and in particular to a Macrobrachium nipponense Cathepsin L gene and use of dsRNA thereof, including the Macrobrachium nipponense Cathepsin L gene, a gene fragment and the dsRNA thereof, and use of the dsRNA in inhibiting ovary development of Macrobrachium nipponense. The Macrobrachium nipponense Cathepsin L gene is obtained at first with the full-length nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 1 and the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 2. Gene fragments with sequences of SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 8 are obtained by using technologies such as RNA interference, and dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are synthesized from the two gene fragments. The synthesized dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are injected into a pericardial cavity of a female Macrobrachium nipponense and the result shows that the dsRNA1 can effectively slow down the ovary development speed of the female Macrobrachium nipponense.