Provided is a data security sharing method for multiple edge nodes to operate in a collaboration mode under an industrial cloud environment. The method includes: firstly, edge nodes that need collaborative computing separately applying for a shared key to an authority center; secondly, the authority center generating a shared key and issuing the key to each of the edge nodes applying for participation in the collaborative computing; again, the edge nodes combining industrial characteristics to generate an interference factor set, and adding different interference factors for different types of data; then, the data of the edge nodes is implemented with improved homomorphic encryption and is uploaded to an industrial cloud platform; and finally, the industrial cloud platform performing homomorphic analysis and computing on the data uploaded by each of the edge nodes, and issuing the data back to each of the edge nodes.