Provided are wake-up radio systems and methods based on backscatter wake-up radio. The wake-up radio method based on backscatter wake-up radio includes setting an arbitrary receiving window period in a window setting period by receiving a beacon signal from a data collection apparatus, transmitting a backscatter response message to the data collection apparatus based on a reception time of a contention signal received from the data collection apparatus in the set receiving window period, in the window setting period, and receiving a wake-up signal from the data collection apparatus in the data transmission period to set as a wake-up period and transmitting data to the data collection apparatus based on a scheduling time according to a backscatter response message.