Techniques are described for computing devices to perform automated operations to determine the acquisition locations of images, such as within a building interior based on automatically determined shapes of rooms of the building, and for using the determined image acquisition location information in further automated manners. The image may be a panorama image or of another type (e.g., a rectilinear perspective image) and acquired at an acquisition location in a multi-room building's interior, and the determined acquisition location for such an image may be at least a location on the building's floor plan and optionally an orientation/direction for at least a part of the image—in addition, the automated image acquisition location determination may be further performed without having or using information from any depth sensors or other distance-measuring devices about distances from an image's acquisition location to walls or other objects in the surrounding building.