A closed-loop detecting method using an inverted index-based key frame selection strategy, storage media and apparatus are provided. The method includes following steps: step I: acquiring image information at a current position, processing the image information to extract corresponding image features therefrom and solve a camera pose; step II: capturing image features successively during movement of a robot, as consecutive image frames, performing, on the consecutive image frames, an indexing, in which the inverted index-based key frame selection strategy is introduced into a key frame selection strategy to supplement key frames which are prone to be missed in a conventional forward indexing during a curvilinear movement of the robot; and step III: performing closed-loop detection and correction of accumulative errors based on image features carried by key frames.