The present disclosure provides systems and methods for estimating an orientation of an implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead. Such methods include generating an initial image dataset, down-sampling a respective image or adding noise to images of the subset of the initial image dataset, and re-slicing at least a subset of the modified image dataset along an alternative primary imaging axis, to generate an integrated image dataset. The method also include partitioning the integrated image dataset into a preliminary training image dataset and a testing image dataset, and re-sizing at least a subset of the preliminary training image dataset with a localized field of view around a depicted DBS lead, to generate a training image dataset. The method further includes training a machine-learning model using the training image dataset, and executing the trained machine-learning model to estimate, during a DBS implantation procedure, an orientation of a subject implanted DBS lead.