A dynamic damage evaluation instrument of drilling fluid based on a glass core includes a controller and a support. A kettle body is provided on the support, a well for receiving drilling fluid is provided inside the kettle body, and a well cover is provided at an upper end of the kettle body. A core holding assembly communicating with the well is provided at a side of the kettle body, and a metering assembly is movably provided at the other end of the core holding assembly. A stirrer for stirring drilling fluid is provided inside the well, and a power component for driving the stirrer is provided outside the kettle body. A data detection hole for mounting a temperature and pressure sensor and a pressurization hole for mounting a pressurization device are formed on the well cover.