A method for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a phosphorus-stereogenic (P-stereogenic) nucleoside derivative of formula (3) and a catalyst used therein. The P-stereogenic nucleoside derivative (3) can be hydrolyzed to obtain remdesivir. Specifically, a nucleoside and phosphoryl chloride are subjected to asymmetric reaction under the catalysis of a chiral bicyclic imidazole catalyst in the presence of a base to produce the P-stereogenic nucleoside derivative of formula (3)