An unmanned aerial vehicle battery transport box having a box body shell and an upper cover. The unmanned aerial vehicle battery transport box further having a heat dissipating device and a heating device. When the temperature in the box body is lower than the lower limit of the set temperature range, the heating device heats the box body. When the temperature in the box body is higher than the upper limit of the set temperature range, the heat dissipating device dissipates heat of the box body. The temperature in the box body is adjusted by the heating device and the heat dissipating device.