An apparatus comprises at least one processing device configured to receive a query to perform sentiment analysis for a document, to generate, utilizing a first machine learning model, a first set of encodings classifying words of the document as being aspect or non-aspect terms, to generate, utilizing a second machine learning model, a second set of encodings classifying sentiment of the words of the document, and to determine, for a given aspect term, attention weights for a given subset of the words of the document surrounding the given aspect term. The processing device is also configured to generate, utilizing a third machine learning model, a given sentiment classification of the given aspect term based on the attention weights and a given portion of the second set of encodings for the given subset of the words, and to provide a response to the query comprising the given sentiment classification.