A file vulnerability detection method includes: translating a binary file into an intermediate file; analyzing the intermediate file to obtain multiple functions to be tested; establishing function characteristic data of each of the functions to be tested; and comparing correlations between the function characteristic data of each of the functions to be tested and at least one pair of characteristic data with vulnerability of at least one vulnerability function and characteristic data without vulnerability of the at least one vulnerability function in a vulnerability database based on a characteristic model to determine whether each of the functions to be tested corresponding to each function characteristic data has a vulnerability, wherein the characteristic model has information representing multiple back-end binary files generated by multiple back-end platforms, wherein the characteristic data with vulnerability has the vulnerability, and the characteristic data without vulnerability does not have the vulnerability.