An operating method of a neuromorphic processor which processes data based on a neural network including a first layer including axons and a second layer including neurons includes receiving synaptic weights between the first layer and the second layer, decomposing the synaptic weights into presynaptic weights, a number of which is identical to a number of the axons, and postsynaptic weights, a number of which is identical to a number of the synaptic weights, and storing the presynaptic weights and the postsynaptic weights. A precision of each of the synaptic weights is a first number of bits, a precision of each of the presynaptic weights is a second number of bits, and a precision of each of the postsynaptic weights is a third number of bits. The third number of the bits is smaller than the first number of the bits.