Disclosed herein are a cannabidiol (CBD)-containing bio-based polyurethane composite material and a preparation thereof. The composite material is prepared from a component A and a component B in a weight ratio of 100:(20-50), where the component A includes 40-60 parts by weight of a vegetable oil-based polyol, 35-50 parts by weight of polyether polyol I, 0-10 parts by weight of polyether polyol II, 0.5-5 parts by weight of CBD, 0-5 parts by weight of a natural pigment, 0.5-3 parts by weight of silicon oil, 0-5 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 0.2-1 part by weight of a catalyst and 0.8-4 parts by weight of water, and the component B includes 20-50 parts by weight of modified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).