A light-emitting device includes a substrate, an anode, a cathode, an emissive layer between the anode and the cathode, the emissive layer comprising quantum dots having ligands, a cross-linked matrix comprising a cross-linkable charge transport material other than the ligands, and another charge transport material, where the quantum dots are dispersed in the cross-linked matrix, and the another charge transport material alters mobility of charge carriers of the emissive layer. The another charge transport material is not cross-linked with the cross-linked charge transport material in the cross-linked matrix. The cross-linked charge transport material is a cross-linkable hole transporting material. The another charge transporting material includes a hole transporting material. The hole transporting material has a highest occupied molecular orbital or valence energy level between those of the cross-linked hole transporting material and the quantum dots.