Provided are a robot-based random warehousing method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a storage medium. In the method, randomly allocated goods position information is acquired, and a shelving robot is controlled according to the goods position information to carry goods to goods position corresponding to the randomly allocated goods position information; a prompt is given to a picker to prompt the picker to take the goods from the shelving robot and place the goods at the goods position, and goods information and goods position information of the goods are synchronized to an unshelving order; and order information of the unshelving order is acquired and a picking robot in the vicinity of the goods position is controlled to move to the goods position to instruct a picker to pick the goods at the goods position and pass the goods to the picking robot.