Piperazine-based viscoelastic surfactants for hydraulic fracturing applications
Abstract:
A wellbore fluid including a first surfactant, a second surfactant, an activator and an aqueous base fluid is provided. The first surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (I):




where Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 are each, independently, a sulfonate, a carboxylate, an ester or a hydroxyl group, m is an integer ranging from 2 to 3, and n, o, and k are each, independently, integers ranging from 2 to 10. The second surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (III):




where R2 is a C15—C27 hydrocarbon group or a C15—C29 substituted hydrocarbon group, R3 is C1—C10 hydrocarbon group, and p and q are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4. A method of using the wellbore fluid for treating a hydrocarbon-containing formation is also provided.
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