The present invention is related to systems and methods for detecting an occluded object based on the shadow of the occluded object. In some examples, a vehicle of the present invention can capture one or more images while operating in an autonomous driving mode, and detecting shadow items within the captured image. In response to detecting a shadow item moving towards the direction of vehicle travel, the vehicle can reduce its speed to avoid a collision, should an occluded object enter the road. The shadow can be detected using image segmentation or a classifier trained using convolutional neural networks or another suitable algorithm, for example.