Method and systems for operating a work vehicle with a selectively interchangeable implement. Image data is captured by a camera (and/or other type of optical sensor) mounted on the work vehicle. The captured image data includes at least a portion of a first implement and the implement type of the first implement is identified by processing the captured image data. Operation information correspond to the identified implement type is accessed from a non-transitory computer-readable memory and an operation of the work vehicle is automatically adjusted based on the accessed operation information for the identified implement type. In some implementations, the implement type is determined by providing the captured image data as input to an artificial neural network and, in some implementations, the artificial neural network is configured to also output an indication of a current operating position of the implement based on the captured image data.