A single-shot Fresnel non-coherent correlation digital holographic device based on a polarization-oriented planar lens, comprising: A polarization-oriented planar lens (1) for wavefront modulation and beam splitting, a focusing element (2), a half-wave plate (3) with a small hole and a polarization imaging camera (4). Incident light passes through the polarization-oriented planar lens (1) and the focusing element (2) and is divided into two beams with different polarizations, that is, focused and parallel or focused and divergent beams, wherein the focused beam passes through the small hole of the half-wave plate (3), the parallel or divergent beam passes through the half-wave plate (3), so as to make the polarization of the two beams consistent behind pass through the half-wave plate (3).