An apparatus comprises at least one processing device that is configured to implement a data collection agent and obtain a telemetry data collection specification. The at least one processing device is configured to train the data collection agent based at least in part on the telemetry data collection specification and to obtain an issue description corresponding to a technical support issue associated with a source device of an information processing system. The at least one processing device is configured to generate a telemetry data collection query based at least in part on the obtained issue description using the trained data collection agent and to submit the query to the source device. The at least one processing device is configured to obtain from the source device, telemetry data generated based at least in part on the query and to present the telemetry data to a user via a graphical user interface.