The present disclosure relates to a core-shell type quantum dot, comprising a quantum dot core, a light-transmitting inorganic mesoporous material layer on a surface of the quantum dot core, and a filler different from the inorganic mesoporous material in mesopores of the light-transmitting inorganic mesoporous material layer. The present disclosure also relates to the preparation and use of the core-shell type quantum dot core. The quantum dot core is coated with the light-transmitting inorganic mesoporous material and the mesopores of the inorganic mesoporous material are filled with the filler different from the inorganic mesoporous material, and the core-shell type quantum dots thus obtained not only have improved optical stability and chemical stability, but also have adjustable optical properties.