An apparatus comprises a first processing device, the first processing device comprising a physical hardware controller configured for coupling with a second processing device. The first processing device is configured to identify one or more remote storage service instances attached to the second processing device, and to initiate storage emulation modules for the remote storage service instances attached to the second processing device, the storage emulation modules emulating one or more physical storage devices configured for attachment to the second processing device. The first processing device is also configured to provision the remote storage service instances to the second processing device by processing input/output requests that are directed to one or more storage volumes of the emulated physical storage devices utilizing hardware resources of the physical hardware controller and providing processing results of the input/output requests to the second processing device via the emulated physical storage devices.