A method and apparatus are disclosed for managing a measurement device based on a blockchain, which is applied to node devices in a blockchain network. The method can include obtaining device state data of the measurement device at various stages in the life cycle of the measurement device; constructing a target transaction based on the obtained device state data, and then sending the target transaction to other node devices in the blockchain network to perform consensus processing on the target transaction; and storing, when a consensus of the target transaction is reached, the target transaction into a distributed ledger of the blockchain network, wherein the target transaction stored in the distributed ledger of the blockchain network is used for life cycle management of the measurement device.