An image differentiation system receives input feature vectors for multiple input images and reference feature vectors for multiple reference images. In some cases, the feature vectors are extracted by an image feature extraction module trained based on training image triplets. A differentiability scoring module determines a differentiability score for each input image based on a distance between the input feature vectors and the reference feature vectors. The distance for each reference feature vector is modified by a weighting factor based on interaction metrics associated with the corresponding reference image. In some cases, an input image is identified as a differentiated image based on the corresponding differentiability score. Additionally or alternatively, an image modification module determines an image modification that increases the differentiability score of the input image. The image modification module generates a recommended image by applying the image modification to the input image.