The present invention provides an automatic container loading and unloading apparatus and method. The apparatus comprises: a data acquisition module, used for scanning a container truck panel to obtain laser point cloud data; a data preprocessing module, used for segmenting a laser point cloud on a surface of the container truck panel from the laser point cloud data; a key point extraction module, used for performing edge extraction on the laser point cloud on the surface of the container truck panel to obtain discrete points on edges of the keel of the container truck panel; and a straight line fitting module, used for performing random sample consensus straight line fitting on the discrete points on the edges of the keel of the container truck panel to obtain spatial straight lines of the edges of the keel of the truck panel. The automatic container loading and unloading apparatus and method provided by the present invention using spatial straight lines on the edges of the keel of the container truck panel for computing processing, thereby achieving stronger robustness and higher accuracy, so that a container is loaded onto the container truck panel with higher precision and lower calculation amount.