A brightness parameter correction method and device and a brightness compensation system. The method includes: obtaining a first to-be-tested brightness parameter of a designated sample display panel at a first gray level; obtaining a first deviation parameter between the first to-be-tested brightness parameter and a reference brightness; calculating a correction coefficient based on the first to-be-tested brightness parameter and the reference brightness parameter when the first deviation parameter is greater than a first preset standard threshold, the correction coefficient being such that a corrected first deviation parameter between a corrected first to-be-tested brightness parameter and the reference brightness parameter is less than or equal to the first preset standard threshold; obtaining a second to-be-tested brightness parameter of a target display panel at the first gray level; and correcting the second to-be-tested brightness parameter using the correction coefficient to obtain a corrected second to-be-tested brightness parameter.