A voice quality estimation apparatus includes: a packet sequence creation unit configured to create a first sequence by applying a first characteristic indicating that quality degradation caused by packet loss is perceived by a user all at once, to a sequence consisting of elements each indicating whether or not a packet of a voice call has been lost; a smoothing unit configured to create a second sequence from the first sequence; a degradation amount emphasis unit configured to create a third sequence from the second sequence; a packet loss tolerance characteristics reflection unit configured to create a fourth sequence from the third sequence; a degradation amount calculation unit configured to calculate a degradation amount from the fourth sequence; and a listening quality estimation unit configured to estimate voice quality that is to be experienced by the user, from the degradation amount.