A single round advanced encryption standard circuit module includes a substitution byte/inverse substitution byte unit, configured to substitute elements of an input state array to generate an output state array and to respectively generate a first state array, a plurality of second state arrays, a third state array, a plurality of fourth state arrays and the output state array according to a first tier circuit unit, a second tier circuit unit, a third tier circuit unit, a fourth tier circuit unit and a fifth tier circuit unit; wherein the first state array, the plurality of second state arrays, the third state array and the plurality of fourth state arrays are represented by register-transfer level codes; wherein the substitution byte/inverse substitution byte unit is implemented by composite field arithmetic of sharing operators and operands.