Provided are a data transmission method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium. The method includes: sending, by a terminal, a random access preamble to a base station, and receiving, by the terminal, a random access response sent by the base station; and sending, by the terminal, a first request message carrying uplink data to the base station; wherein the sending, by the terminal, the random access preamble to the base station comprises: in response to determining that the terminal satisfies a first preset condition, sending, by the terminal, the random access preamble for requesting an uplink data transmission resource to the base station; and wherein the method further comprising one of: failing to receive, by the terminal, a second response message returned by the base station; receiving, by the terminal, the second response message carrying an uplink data failure indication or an uplink data retransmission indication returned by the base station; or in response to determining that the terminal fails to receive the random access response returned by the base station, determining, by the terminal, a random access failure and reinitiating, by the terminal, random access.