The disclosure relates to an aerial transportation vehicle including a vehicle frame. The vehicle frame includes an upper vehicle frame (3); a lower vehicle frame (4); lifting assembly (a), at least two lifting assemblies (a) opposite to each other being provided in a first direction, and the lower vehicle frame (4) and the upper vehicle frame (3) may be made to move close to or away from each other by operating at least two lifting assemblies (a); a locking device (b), the locking device (b) being disposed on the lower vehicle frame (4); when the lower vehicle frame (4) and the upper vehicle frame (3) move close to each other, the lower vehicle frame (4) and the upper vehicle frame (3) may be locked together by operating the locking device (b); a guide device (d), the guide device (d) being disposed on the lower vehicle frame (4); when the lower vehicle frame (4) and the upper vehicle frame (3) are separated from each other, the containers of different specifications may be quickly assembled and connected onto the lower vehicle frame (4) by operating the guide device (d). The disclosure can realize the assembly and connection of the containers with the aerial transportation vehicle by means of the devices of the aerial transportation vehicle itself with a simple operation. In addition, the disclosure also relates to an aerial rail container transportation method.