An exchange device to exchange an exchangeable element includes an arrangement directional moving section to move with respect to the component mounting device in the arrangement direction; multiple attachment/detachment directional moving sections provided in the arrangement directional moving section to move independently of each other in the attachment/detachment direction of the exchangeable element; at least one holding section provided in each of the multiple attachment/detachment directional moving sections to hold the exchangeable element; an arrangement direction driving device to move the arrangement directional moving section in the arrangement direction; and an attachment/detachment direction driving device to move multiple attachment/detachment directional moving sections, independently of each other, in the attachment/detachment direction.