Embodiments of the present application provide a method based on an optical fiber communication network for controlling a robot, a storage medium and an electronic device. The method includes: converting an acquired electrical control signal of the robot to an optical control signal; broadcasting the optical control signal over a downlink of the optical fiber communication network; filtering the optical control signal based on a port identifier to obtain an optical control signal corresponding to the port identifier; converting the optical control signal corresponding to the port identifier to an electrical control signal; and sending the electrical control signal to an actuator of the robot. According to the embodiments of the present application, the number of wirings inside the robot is reduced, the wiring complexity is reduced, and the bandwidth for communication and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities in the control system are improved.