Thermal management systems including a thermoelectric component, a two-phase heat transfer unit, and a controller are disclosed herein. The heat transfer unit has a phase-transition chamber and microfeatures in the phase-transition chamber that induce capillary forces to a working fluid that drives the working fluid through the phase-transition chamber. The controller is configured to operate the thermoelectric component and the heat transfer unit such that the heat transfer unit cools one side of the thermoelectric component to a first temperature and the thermoelectric component changes the temperature of a target material on its other side to a second temperature of +/−60° C. of the first temperature within 0.5-20 seconds.