An x-ray image laterality detection system is provided. The x-ray image laterality detection system includes a detection computing device. The processor of the computing device is programmed to execute a neural network model for analyzing x-ray images, wherein the neural network model is trained with training x-ray images as inputs and observed laterality classes associated with the training x-ray images as outputs. The process is also programmed to receive an unclassified x-ray image, analyze the unclassified x-ray image using the neural network model, and assign a laterality class to the unclassified x-ray image. If the assigned laterality class is not target laterality, the processor is programmed to adjust the unclassified x-ray image to derive a corrected x-ray image having the target laterality and output the corrected x-ray image. If the assigned laterality class is the target laterality, the processor is programmed to output the unclassified x-ray image.