The present invention discloses a transient sensor using molybdenum disulfide and a method of manufacturing the same. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transient sensor using molybdenum disulfide includes a water-soluble substrate; a water-soluble insulating layer deposited on the water-soluble substrate; an electrode layer formed of any one of molybdenum (Mo) and magnesium (Mg) and formed on the water-soluble insulating layer; and a channel layer formed of molybdenum disulfide and formed on the water-soluble insulating layer to be connected to the electrode layer. In addition, when the transient sensor is inserted into living matter, the transient sensor can be dissolved within a critical time in the living matter.