The present inventors have surprisingly found that a deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) gene, which was previously reported to correlate with prostate cancer and cervical cancer, is highly responsive to arteriosclerosis or digestive system cancer, whereby the gene can be used as a desired marker for arteriosclerosis or digestive system cancer. The present invention has been accomplished on the basis of this finding. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for determining arteriosclerosis or digestive system cancer, which method includes detecting expression of a deoxyhypusine synthase gene in a test sample (preferably a blood sample), and determining arteriosclerosis or digestive system cancer of a test subject from which the test sample has been obtained, on the basis of an increase in the gene expression as an index.